• br Study approval br Author contributions br Conflicts of

  2024-10-21

  

  Study approval Author contributions Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants of the Youth Backbone Program (to Jianming Ying) of Cancer Hospital, CAMS, Beijing, Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China (LC2015A06) and the National Natura

• In large biopsies series from ALK NSCLC treated patients

  2024-10-21

  

  In large biopsies series from ALK+ NSCLC treated patients, the number of detected mutations increased after second generation ALKi (Gainor et al., 2016) and in one study were present in 56% of the entire cohort (Shaw et al., 2013b). For example, the rate of G1202R mutations increases from 2% in post

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2024-10-21

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Knowledge of the molecular basis of an inherited genetic disease is crucial for understanding the disease pathology and, ultimately, for therapeutic design. Several recent reports have stressed the need for physical characterization of disease-associ

• Sphingolipids such as ceramides and glucosylceramides are an

  2024-10-19

  

  Sphingolipids, such as ceramides and glucosylceramides, are an important class of bioactive lipids. The levels of these lipids change as a function of adipose tissue mass and functionality, and are partially driven by cellular availability of palmitoyl-CoA. Aberrant accumulation of ceramide, glucosy

• In the vasculature it is known that

  2024-10-19

  

  In the vasculature, it is known that A2A and A2B adenosine receptors are stimulatory for adenylyl-cyclase, leading to cyclic-AMP (cAMP) production and vasodilation, while the A1 and A3 adenosine receptors are linked to the inhibitory Gi, suppressing adenylyl-cyclase and favoring contraction. However

• Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of

  2024-10-19

  

  Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo

• NSAIDs induce gastrointestinal toxicity and evoke asthma by

  2024-10-19

  

  NSAIDs induce gastrointestinal toxicity and evoke nae inhibitor by decreasing the production of gastroprotective prostanoids and by redirecting the COX substrate AA into LT biosynthesis, thereby causing vasoconstriction in gastric mucosa and airways (Celotti and Laufer, 2001; Koeberle and Werz, 2015

• br There are three types of

  2024-10-19

  

  There are three types of 5-HT2 receptors. 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors Exhibit 46–50% overall sequence identity and couple preferentially to Gq/11 to increase inositol phosphates and cytosolic [Ca2+] and in agreement with their long known role in muscle contraction and stimulation in the br

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer

  2024-10-19

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States for those between the ages of 40–79 years, surpassing heart diseases by more than 100,000 deaths [1]. The cause of most cancer subtypes remains idiopathic and may arise out of ‘bad luck’ among otherwise

• Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases

  2024-10-19

  

  Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including

• Several in vivo and in vitro

  2024-10-19

  

  Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated changes in bioactive lipid profiles under hyperglycemic conditions and have linked these changes with increased leukocyte adhesion and vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This input has originated partly from lipidomic studies that showed elev

• Apelin induced G i activation

  2024-10-19

  

  Apelin induced Gαi activation has been demonstrated as a benefiting effect on cardiac contractility [12], [38], [39], and a vasodilator activity that protects against angiotensin-II-induced cardiovascular fibrosis and atheroma [40], [41]. In contrast, stretch causes hypertrophy through diminishing G

• Several MAP kinases are involved

  2024-10-19

  

  Several MAP kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways that lead to the upregulations of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, transcriptional activations of STATs are regulated by MAP kinases, as evidenced by reports that p38 MAPK is necessary for the S727 phosphorylation of STATs (Kovari

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The

  2024-10-18

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The collective evidence from studies detailing the functions of AMPK in the neuromuscular system, combined with those in DMD, SMA, and DM1 surveyed in the present review, strongly suggests that AMPK is a central mediator of neuromuscular determination, m

• ERAP has been crystallized in two different conformations

  2024-10-18

  

  ERAP1 has been crystallized in two different conformations, wherein the C-terminal domain IV is either closely interacting with domains I/II and enclosing the active site (termed ‘closed’), or is rotated away in a hinge motion which exposes the active site (‘open’). This large motion correlates with

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