• In this review we aim to

  2022-02-15

  

  In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of: 1) how AT-resident CD4+ T cell subpopulations regulate the metabolic status of AT; and 2) how adipocytes as antigen presenting cells to modulate the activities of CD4+ T cell subpopulations in AT. Under condition with obesity, ad

• br Conclusion br Author contributions

  2022-02-15

  

  Conclusion Author contributions Competing interests Acknowledgments Introduction Reproductive performance is a major factor affecting profitability of dairy farms. The use of GnRH and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in a coordinated fashion allows cows to be inseminated as a result of the u

• Interestingly mGlu and mGlu receptors differ

  2022-02-15

  

  Interestingly, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors differ notably by their cellular distribution. Whereas mGlu2 receptors are mostly neuronal, mGlu3 receptors are expressed both in glia and in neurons. In neurons, mGlu3 receptors are present at the post-synapse and in presynaptic elements (Tamaru et al., 2001

• br WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a

  2022-02-15

  

  WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety of GluR types that have both physiological and pathophysiological significance [87]. Non-NMDA GluR are also expressed in WM astrocytes [40], although the functionality of these receptors has not been tested. The fibrous astrocytes that popula

• To help resolve the question

  2022-02-15

  

  To help resolve the question of simple binding versus transport, we reasoned that if quercetin is transported by GLUT1, we should be able to block its uptake by other GLUT1 inhibitors. We initially investigated the effects of two newly identified GLUT1 inhibitors, BAY-876 and WZB-117. WZB-117 was fi

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2022-02-15

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• Attempting to further elucidate the

  2022-02-15

  

  Attempting to further elucidate the role of Cetrorelix and activation of the Gcgr without the influence of GLP-1, we used DT-Gcg mice with acute knockdown of all proglucagon products. This mouse model has previously been shown previously to have a normal total islet area as well as β cell area comp

• The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin has previously

  2022-02-15

  

  The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin has previously been investigated mostly in humans using exercise regimens such as treadmill running, cycling, and rowing, and also in a few rodent studies and in some other animal models. While many of these clinical studies and some preclinical studies demon

• The atomic model of Ce INX provides an additional interpreta

  2022-02-15

  

  The atomic model of Ce-INX6 provides an additional interpretation to the Ce-INX6ΔN mutant structure at low-resolution [41]. Given that the N-terminal residues from 2 to 19 are deleted in the Ce-INX6ΔN mutant, the N-terminal funnel found in the pore of the wild-type Ce-INX6 should be lost in the Ce-I

• BMS 753 br Presenilins and Wnt catenin signalling Several gr

  2022-02-15

  

  Presenilins and Wnt/β-catenin signalling Several groups have provided substantial data indicating that PS1 acts as a negative modulator of the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex (Fig. 4) [120], [121], [122]. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that was first described as a

• Endothelial cells receive a variety of information from

  2022-02-15

  

  Endothelial cells receive a variety of information from the environment which finally guides them through all phases of neovascularization. Angiogenic signals enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells, upregulated resistance to apoptosis, alterations within proteolytic balance, reorganization o

• Macroautophagy hereafter referred to as autophagy

  2022-02-15

  

  Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) depends on an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that maintains cellular metabolism and homeostasis [11]. Genes involved in these processes are termed autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagosome formation and compl

• br Materials and methods br Results br Conclusions

  2022-02-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Conclusions In general, the drug design process is very laborious, expensive and prone to errors. Various computational methods including docking and algorithms based on molecular dynamics and/or quantum chemistry can help considerably at the early stage of str

• There has been conflicting evidence on

  2022-02-15

  

  There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor mechanisms that mediate the neuro-immuno-modulatory effects of FAAH substrates. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that AEA-mediated modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammation may be mediated by CB1/CB2 receptor dependent (Correa e

• One limitation of our study was that all control dogs

  2022-02-15

  

  One limitation of our study was that all control dogs had histologic evidence of mild GI inflammation according to established WSAVA guidelines (Washabau et al., 2010), despite being apparently healthy purpose-bred research dogs housed in a controlled environment with no history of vomiting, diarrhe

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