• br Secreted enzymes Only two secreted S aureus enzymes

  2023-01-24

  

  Secreted enzymes Only two secreted S. aureus enzymes reportedly induce apoptosis, namely, staphylococcal staphopain B (SspB) and coagulase. SspB selectively cleaved CD11b/CD18 integrin and induced an apoptosis-like cell death in neutrophils and monocytes (Smagur et al., 2009). Neutrophils or mono

• The activity of MMPs is regulated

  2023-01-24

  

  The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level of gene transcription or by the enzymatic activation of latent enzymes. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are elevated in synovial fluid, synovium and cartilage in patients with OA, and these cyt

• br Perspectives br Acknowledgments This

  2023-01-21

  

  Perspectives Acknowledgments This investigation was supported by a Research Grant 2010/01385-5 from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil). P.F.S. was recipient of a CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) productivity grant. R.F.A. was recipient of

• GSK 2830371 br GMF Remodels Actin Networks at

  2023-01-21

  

  GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge How are the conserved activities of GMF used in vivo to regulate branched GSK 2830371 networks (e.g., at sites of endocytosis and at the leading edge) (Figure 2A,B)? In animal cells, the regulatory effects of GMF on actin networks appear to govern

• Congruously our findings of voltage electrode clamping assay

  2023-01-18

  

  Congruously, our findings of voltage-electrode-clamping assays indicate that hipN851K mutation mediates partial loss of Na+/K+-ATPase pump currents, also confirming our thesis that hipN851K mutation acts as a hypomorph. As demonstrated here by our external electrical stimulation studies and ECG reco

• Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the pathop

  2023-01-18

  

  Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the pathophysiological responses by phosphorylating downstream substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins involved in mRNA translation (Li et al., 2015). Among the numerous effectors that intervene in the TNF-α action is an ac

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2023-01-17

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• br Apelin Discovered in apelin was initially

  2023-01-17

  

  Apelin Discovered in 1998, apelin was initially identified as the sole endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (Tatemoto et al., 1998). Apelin-77 (pre-pro-apelin) is the precursor for various pharmacologically active apelin isoforms (e.g. apelin-12, -13, -17 and 36), and it shares 75–95% sequence

• br Apelin Discovered in apelin was initially

  2023-01-17

  

  Apelin Discovered in 1998, apelin was initially identified as the sole endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (Tatemoto et al., 1998). Apelin-77 (pre-pro-apelin) is the precursor for various pharmacologically active apelin isoforms (e.g. apelin-12, -13, -17 and 36), and it shares 75–95% sequence

• The activity of MMPs is regulated

  2023-01-16

  

  The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level of gene transcription or by the enzymatic activation of latent enzymes. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are elevated in synovial fluid, synovium and cartilage in patients with OA, and these cyto

• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization can

  2023-01-16

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• br Conclusions Extract of non germinated winter

  2023-01-16

  

  Conclusions Extract of non-germinated winter rape seeds cv. Bellevue was screened for the aminopeptidase activity. It revealed broad substrate specificity, with the highest activity toward Phe-pNA. Also in the partially purified sample, phenylalanine was preferentially hydrolysed. PMSF, known ser

• In pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that

  2023-01-16

  

  In 2006, pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that GMF localizes to and regulates the STF-62247 cytoskeleton (see Glossary), and noted its sequence similarity to ADF/cofilin[11]. In 2009, the structure of GMF [6] was solved, revealing it to be a bona fide member of the actin depolymeri

• Apatinib br ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prosta

  2023-01-16

  

  5ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prostate cancer continues to be a leading cause of male deaths worldwide. In 2009, it was estimated there would be 192,280 new cases of prostate cancer with a predicted 27,360 deaths [25]. Because androgens, and specifically DHT, play a large role in bot

• To identify the kinase s mediating H

  2023-01-16

  

  To identify the kinase(s) mediating H3.3S31 phosphorylation, we devised a 96-well-plate-compatible immunostaining assay, with Reversine specific for H3.3S31ph, and utilized it to screen both a Qiagen siRNA library covering 720 human kinases and a kinase inhibitor library (Selleck) containing 194 com

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