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br Disclosures br Author contributions br
2024-10-23
Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril
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Two cell surface trans membrane receptors have been
2024-10-23
Two cell-surface trans-membrane receptors have been identified for adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 [21], and adiponectin action is known to signal through these receptors and the docking protein APPL1 [22]. In muscle and liver cells, signal transduction involves the phosphorylation and activation o
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br Hyperadiponectinemia in disease conditions Other
2024-10-23
Hyperadiponectinemia in disease conditions Other evidence indicates that hyperadiponectinemia does not necessarily always imply a healthy outcome. Indeed, a recent study suggested that hyperadiponectinemia occurs in various diseases. Given that the risk for AD and vascular dementia is increased i
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Though we have proved that VA
2024-10-23
Though, we have proved that VA could suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, the mechanisms of VA on gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is called an energy receptor enzyme, is widely expressed in liver and other tissues [23]. AMPK has become ano
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Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit AdK as an important upstream
2024-10-23
AdK as an important upstream regulator of adenosine-based homeostasis represents a promising drug target since it leads to an increase in adenosine concentrations. Taking into account that the adenosine formation is only increased in affected tissues under stress with high adenosine levels, AdK inhi
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Recently biosensors based on enzyme mimicking
2024-10-23
Recently, biosensors based on enzyme-mimicking organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials such as protein or DNA-Cu nanoflowers (Batule et al., 2015, Park et al., 2017), Fe-aminoclay (Lee et al., 2013), and MOFs (Ai et al., 2013, Dong et al., 2015, Feng et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2013, Qin et al., 2013,
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Dinaciclib br Results Of the U S jurisdictions surveyed
2024-10-22
Results Of the 51 U.S. jurisdictions surveyed (Table 1), 33 reported that hyperargininemia is one of the conditions for which all newborns are required to be screened, with the earliest screening reported in Massachusetts in 1999. Of the 18 other jurisdictions, an additional 5 reported that hyper
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Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex relationship and
2024-10-22
Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex relationship, and the precise mechanism remains to be determined. At present, a large amount of research has confirmed that autophagy can protect the cell from apoptosis in special conditions such as nutrient deficiency or growth factors deprivation; the e
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment The
2024-10-22
Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81070220 and 81170278), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Human Provi
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br APJ expression in metabolic
2024-10-22
APJ expression in metabolic diseases Under physiological conditions, APJ is present in humans as well as in mouse tissues with high metabolic activity such as muscle and adipose tissue but not in the liver. Moreover, the presence and regulation of APJ in established adipocyte or muscle cell lines
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The renin angiotensin system RAS is a
2024-10-22
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system which plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and body fluid AEBSF [14]. The main bioactive peptide of RAS is angiotensin II (Ang II) whose biological functions are interposed through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin
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In addition to differential expression of
2024-10-22
In addition to differential expression of AR protein primarily in surgical specimens, genetic alterations involving the AR gene have been documented in human mg115 mg cancer. Loss of heterozygosity at the AR locus was identified in all 3 informative cases of muscle-invasive bladder tumors, whereas,
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Not all secondary metabolites or natural
2024-10-22
Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be fully synthesized due to their very complex structures that are too difficult and expensive on industrial scale. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for alternative remedies as naturally occurring biologically active secondary metabolites
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(R)-PFI 2 hydrochloride synthesis Neural activity resulting
2024-10-22
Neural activity resulting from sensory experience is required for the refinement and maturation of neural circuits during cortical critical periods. This refinement is thought to be important for functional optimization of primary sensory cortices, enabling critical functions such as feature detecti
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In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model was empl
2024-10-22
In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni
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